What Fossilized Poop Can Tell Us About Dinosaurs

Herbivorous, house-sized dinosaurs like Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus, not to mention carnivorous behemoths like Giganotosaurus, had to eat hundreds of pounds of plants or flesh every day to maintain their weight — so as you can imagine, there was a lot of dinosaur poop littering the ground during the Mesozoic Era. However, unless a giant blob of Diplodocus doo happened to fall on the head of a nearby critter, he was unlikely to complain, since dinosaur feces were an abundant source of nutrition for smaller animals (including birds, lizards and mammals), and, of course, a ubiquitous assortment of bacteria. Dinosaur droppings were also crucial for ancient plant life. Just as modern-day farmers scatter manure around their crops (which replenishes the nitrogen compounds that make the  soil fertile), the millions of tons of dinosaur dung produced every single day during the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods helped keep the worlds forests lush and green. This, in turn, produced a near-endless source of vegetation for  herbivorous dinosaurs to feast on, and then turn into poop, which also enabled carnivorous dinosaurs to eat the herbivorous dinosaurs and turn them into poop, and so on and on in an endless symbiotic cycle of, well, you know. Coprolites and Paleontology As important as they were for the primitive ecosystem, dinosaur droppings have proved equally crucial for modern-day paleontologists. Occasionally, researchers stumble across huge, well-preserved piles of fossilized dinosaur dung—or â€Å"coprolites,† as they’re called  in polite society. By examining these fossils in detail, researchers can figure out if they were created by plant-eating, meat-eating, or omnivorous dinosaurs—and they can sometimes even identify the type of animal or plant that the dinosaur ate a few hours (or a few days) before going Number 2. (Unfortunately, unless a specific dinosaur is discovered in the immediate vicinity, its nearly impossible to attribute a particular piece of poop to a particular dinosaur species.) Every now and then, coprolites can even help to settle evolutionary disputes. For example, a batch of fossilized dung excavated recently in India proves that the dinosaurs responsible fed on types of grass that weren’t believed to have evolved until millions of years later. By pushing back the flourishing of these grasses to 65 million years ago from 55 million years ago (give or take a few million years), these coprolites may help explain the evolution of the megafauna mammals known as gondwanatheres, which had teeth adapted for grazing, during the ensuing Cenozoic Era. One of the most famous coprolites was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada, in 1998. This gigantic poop fossil (which looks pretty much the way you’d expect) measures 17 inches long and six inches thick, and was probably part of an even larger chunk of dinosaur dung. Because this coprolite is so enormous — and contains fragments of bone and blood vessels—paleontologists believe it may have derived from a Tyrannosaurus Rex that roamed North America about 60 million years ago. (This type of forensics is nothing new; as far back as the early 19th century, the English fossil-hunter Mary Anning discovered bezoar stones, containing fish scales, nestled in the fossilized skeletons of various marine reptiles.) The Coprolites of the Cenozoic Era Animals have been eating and pooping for 500 million years--so what makes the Mesozoic Era so special? Well, aside from the fact that most people find dinosaur dung fascinating, absolutely nothing--and coprolites dating from before the Triassic period and after the Cretaceous period can be equally diagnostic of the creatures responsible. For example, the megafauna mammals of the Cenozoic Era left an exquisite assortment of fossilized poops, of all shapes and sizes, which has helped paleontologists tease out details about the food chain; archaeologists can even infer facts about the lifestyles of early Homo sapiens by examining the minerals and microorganisms preserved in their feces. No discussion about fossilized poop would be complete without a mention of Englands once-burgeoning coprolite industry: during the mid-18th century (a few decades after Mary Annings time had come and gone), a curious parson at Cambridge University discovered that certain coprolites, when treated with sulfuric acid, yielded valuable phosphates then  in demand by the growing chemical industry. For decades, the east coast of England was a hotbed of coprolite mining and refining, to the extent that even today, in the town of Ipswich, you can take a leisurely stroll down Coprolite Street.

Analysis Of David Mamet s Glengerry Glen Ross

The business world is known for being stressful and the epitome of masculine characteristics and behavior. In David Mamet’s play Glengerry Glen Ross, relative absence of feminine characters highlights the idea that women are unwelcome in the workplace because they are seen as inferior. Therefore, men in the company fight to prove themselves because effeminate men are immensely looked down upon. The four salesmen in the play regard the business world as a â€Å"man’s place† and, therefore, believe they must prove their masculinity by winning the company’s competition. The company’s bosses, Mitch and Murray, decide this month that the salesman who sells the most will win a Cadillac, the second best salesman will win a pair of steak knives, and the bottom two men will be fired. In an attempt to win this competition, the men resort to manipulation and deceit due to the stress and high pressure placed on them. From this we see that these men, Aaranow, Mo ss, Roma, and Levene, are willing to gain success at the expense of someone else. Mamet’s lack of feminine characters and his use of dramatic, exaggerated language are used as tools to support the idea that these men believe the word â€Å"man† signifies more than just gender. Rather to them, this three letter word means having control over one’s own fate and fortune. They, therefore, believe to have a successful life, one must work hard even if it is unscrupulous and in this case illegal. As a reader, we do not see any onstage femaleShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of David Mamet s Glengerry Glen Ross 1342 Words   |  6 Pagestoday with people believing men should work and women should stay at home. Although many women are breaking this barrier in their given profession, a countless number of women still do not receive the respect and honor they deserve. In David Mamet’s play Glengerry Glen Ross, the four salesmen regard the business world as a â€Å"manâ₠¬â„¢s place† and, therefore, believe they must prove their masculinity by winning the company’s competition. The company’s bosses, Mitch and Murray, decide this month that the salesman

Rhetorical Theory free essay sample

Hip-hop and rap as a whole tend to be lumped together as bad for society, or the dragging down of American culture. The debate on the Influence of music effecting the actions of Americas youth has remained salient for decades. The upcoming genre of Rap or Hip-Hop in recent years has sparked controversy because of the references to violence and sex portrayed in many song lyrics. Not only has the Issues of drugs and crime been associated with hip hop, but the diminishing perception of omen in our society has also been attributed to hip hop. It seems that rap is an easy scapegoat for the American population to point the finger at. Why is Hip-Hop important? No music is more important than the next. As soon as a genre starts portraying Itself as something other than the simple concept of musical notes vibrating off the eardrums of listeners, it loses its focus and main purpose to entertain. Political messages and social responsibility measures have always been visible in musical lyrics, examples such as R.E. M. And 1. 12 as well as countless other ands have done It for years. Hip-Hop has become big business and anything that Is marketable affects society one way or another. Hip-Hop also affects society on many different levels and it is inclusive of all people. The media attention that Hip-Hop gets gives meaning to the fact that people are able to see a side of a particular Hip-Hop artist and then the artist Is then displayed as a more human element. Younger generations must understand the biases and politics Involved with the generalizations of Hip-Hop.The music we listen to and the videos we watch are Just like reading a fashion magazine. A perfect example is if we see beautiful women in certain clothes then we may want those clothes. When someone sees a Hip-Hop artist or rapper on televisions that Is clearly successful. Actions may be taken to duplicate behavior portrayed by that artist, in turn hoping to emulate success similar to that artist. Why is the Mine song featuring Iranian important? Mine is one of a kind! He is the only white rapper to emerge and remain successful while opening the ears of a deferent audience-?young Caucasian males.Barriers are broken down when people from different backgrounds can share common interest at shows and n the internet and Mine has done an exceptional Job at doing so. Mine was ranked 79th on the VHF 100 Greatest Artists of All-Time. He was also ranked 82nd on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was named the Best Rapper Alive by Vibe magazine in 2008. Mine has achieved nine No. 1 albums on the Billboard Top 200. Mine also has had 13 number one singles 1 org Billboard magazine. Are these credentials not enough for you?Lets take a look at Iranian she has achieved eight number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 since first appearing on the chart on June 1 1, 2005. As of July 23, 2010, Iranian has sold approximately 5,563,000 album units in the US alone. She has received several accolades, including the 2007 World Music Awards for Worlds Best-selling Pop Female Artist and Female Entertainer of the Year, as well as the 2008 American Music Awards for Favorite Soul/RB Female Artist and Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist. She serves as one of Barbados honorary cultural ambassadors.In January 2010, Iranian received two Grammar Awards for Jay-Gs 2009 single Run This Town. These two celebrities are huge public figures! As for Iranian, she appeals to a different anemographic, the young African American female. With the combination of these two audiences, they amass to a huge portion of the American youth. Influencing the youth of American is monumental to the outcome of the Country as a whole. The youth of America is the backbone of our Nation. In theory, the influence we have on our youth can be set as a precursor for generations to come. The decisions made by the youth in any country will ultimately unravel actions and future ideas yet to come. For my analysis, I will examine possible subliminal messages and interpretations of Mine ND Airmans song, Love the Way You Lie, specifically directed to the youth of America. I will show how this song is not solely comprised of vocals, lyrics and a music video, but a rhetorical action. The rhetoric involved perpetuates the desired symbolism and themes to reconstruct public opinion influencing the youth of America.By analyzing the lyrics and music video, I will reveal the connection between the subliminal messages and possible interpretations present in the artifact and their influence on the youth of America. Description of the Artifact The artifact I have chosen to depict is Mine and Airmans Love the Way You Lie. This is a very popular song racking up 338,000 downloads online in its first week. The music video of the song became an online phenomenon, gaining 6. 6 million hits in its first 24 hours on VIVO, and 18 million views in five days.It broke a Youth record for having the most views in 24 hours. By November 2010, the video had received over 200 million views. Mine and Airmans song Love the Way You Lie depict the relationship of a troubled young couple. This video produced by Joseph Kahn portrays the ups and downs that some couples must endure to make their relationship work. Dominic Monogram and Megan Fox portray the relationship of a young couple in the songs music video. The music video starts with the young couple sleeping together in bed.From that point on, Megan Fox notices a phone number on her significant others hand. The idea that she is being taken advantage of enters her mind. That notion sparks controversy and the couple begins to fight. The scene becomes heated and even reaches the point where the couple physical assault and spit in the faces of one another. Both parties in the couple become easily agitated with one another as they continue to assault and randomly hook up and aka out. Both the Dominic Monogram and Megan Fox are seen alone pondering as if they are deciding what to do or what will become of their relationship. Megan Fox expresses her emotions by crying to herself, on the other hand Dominic Monogram is seen drinking in the bar to vent the way he feels in regards to his current situation. Dominic Monogram is seen giving Megan Fox a stuffed animal that represents his love for her and shows that he continues to care about her. Dominic Monogram blatantly steals a bottle of vodka from a liquor store. They are seen getting along on top of a building as they consume vodka together. Alcohol is helping the couple temporary fix their irritations of each other, yet they have much bigger problems.Dominic Monogram is seen taking his aggression out in the bar as he physically attacks other bystander attempting to communicate with Megan Fox. The couple is then seen gazing into each others eyes, smiling but unsure of what to do. Megan Fox is then seen walking out of the house resembling her leaving Dominic Monogram. As the video continues Dominic Monogram is seen physically assaulting Megan Fox yet again. The house is set in flames in the backdrop; this resembles the previous chaos ND end of their relationship.Fire burns everything, bringing nothing but physical ruin. On the other hand, with the end of one good thing starts the beginning of another. In theory the fire could possibly represent a complex symbol for warmth and comfort. In fact it could resemble new life. The stuffed animal that Dominic Monogram gave Megan Fox is even seen set aflame as the couple goes their separate ways. The video ends with the couple lying in bed in the same exact spot where the video started, as if the whole thing were a dream.The context of the artifact is located within social arrangements. This popular song and music video is a form of entertainment. The song is used to target a specific social niche in order to generate revenue and become a success within its boundaries. If this song did not appeal to any social networks then it would not serve its purpose of selling CDC to generate revenue and publicize the artists. The fact that two celebrities (Mine Iranian) have collaborated together helps them reach out to publicize themselves as well as combine their social networks together. The artifact is not used within political means or economic arrangements. This is a great artifact to analyze because symbolic convergence is blatantly evident and people can easily share similar fantasy themes that create rhetorical visions. Love The Way You Lie constitutes evidence of symbolic convergence theory because it incorporates themes the rhetoric knows will resonate with the audience. Another reason why this is a great artifact to evaluate is because of the popularity and controversy of this song.Millions of people hear this song each and every day and have not even thought about evaluating it in terms of rhetorical theories and criticisms. Theoretical and Methodological Framework Fantasy theme analysis is based upon the theory of symbolic convergence, which has two major assumptions: (1) reality is created through communication and (2) individual interpretations of symbols can converge and create a shared reality for those involved (Foss, 2009). This happens in a social c ontext in which individual worlds and interpretations converge, resulting in a shared reality for those involved. Sonata K. Foss (1996) in her textbook, Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration and Practice, If several or many people develop portions of their quotes Barman as stating: riveter symbolic worlds that overlap as a result of symbolic convergence, they share a common consciousness and have the basis for communicating with one another to understanding. Symbolic convergence occurs when individuals have Jointly experienced mutual interpretations with similar emotional responses. Although the message in these encounters is important, the act of sharing the message is the critical issue in these incidents.The basic unit of analysis of symbolic convergence is the fantasy theme. The fantasy is defined as a creative and imaginative interpretation of an event that makes it credible or believable to the artificial, or rather the means through which interpretation is accomplished in communication. Barman (1972) states in his article Fantasy and Rhetorical Vision: The Rhetorical Criticism of Social Real ity that participants in a fantasy theme are interested in the personal satisfaction found and are not troubled by contradictory details or evidence that might exist within the communication. As the participants participate in the story, similar emotions and interpretations will be present among the members of the group. The fantasy theme then becomes the groups experience ND results in a shared reality for the participants (Griffin 1997). There are three types of fantasy themes included in Barmans theory: (1) setting themes, which name the scene of an action, (2) character themes which describe agents or actors in the drama, assign motives to them and portray them as having certain characteristics, and (3) action themes which are the plot lines in which the characters engage. Foss, 1996) The next level in analysis is observing fantasy types within a community. A fantasy type is a repeated fantasy theme that includes similar scenes, characters, and plots that are shared by the members of a community. Griffin (1997) observes that most fantasies do not chain out but rather fall on deaf ears, but that chaining out occurs when people catch on to a fantasy theme and then conti nue to spread the theme which then feeds into the overall rhetorical vision or a unified putting together of various shared fantasies.When a fantasy type is developed the rhetoric involved are able to give a general story and the audience is able to fill in the details of the entire scenario. Included in the rhetorical vision of a community one will find fantasy themes which share the values, practices, heroes, and villains within he rhetorical group. Actions that make little sense to someone outside the rhetorical vision make perfect sense within the context of the group involved (Griffin 1997).Fantasy theme method suggests that the individual and collective transmutations of a groups goals, scope, and activitiesthe groups conceptualized reality, or fantasy themecan be used to study social movements. Based on the notion of fantasizing in small groups, this analytic approach provides a method of discovering how communication creates social realities for groups of people (Foss, 1997). Fantasy theme analysis, as Barman (1972) structured it, provides unique insight into the mentality and worldview of social groups.Foss (2004) summarizes the theory of symbolic convergence as a reference to the way narratives invite audiences to identify with the characters by using commonly established themes that the audience will immediately respond to as a cue to aid understanding. Barman designed this method to help explain how common symbols and values are developed through group communication. Fantasy theme criticism consists of four steps: 1 . Select an artifact 2. Analyzing the artifact 3. Formulating a research question 4. Writing the essay Analyzing the artifact consists of two steps: 1 .Coding the artifact for setting, characters, and action themes 2. Constructing the rhetorical visions from the fantasy theme a. Theme-?patterns b. Major and Minor-?Frequency and Intensity Coding consists of settings, characters, actions, and character theme codes. I will analyze the three main fantasy themes used in the song: violence, drugs/ alcohol and deception. These three powerful pieces of the song all show different ways that Americans youth can be influenced purely through a rhetorical framing of issues. At one point or another, these themes will have to be dealt with in the life process of todays youth.Analyzing how these themes function within the song will illustrate certain subliminal messages and influential factors that affect Americas youth. I will follow three of Barmans steps to complete my analysis. During fantasy theme analysis I must look for patterns within the song-?based on frequency and intensity. Symbolic convergence frames the theory that communication creates reality. As for reality, it is not only created for individuals but also groups; sharing hat sense of reality. The first step is to situate the song within the network of Americas youth.The second step is to examine the song for evidence of symbolic convergence and the fantasy themes used to perpetuate the subliminal messages and possible interpretations that remain transparent. The final step is to present the rhetorical vision Americas youth can create and be influenced by. These steps will complete my analysis of Mine and Airmans Love The Way You Lie in order to further understand how Americas youth is being influenced by hip hop culture in todays society. Analysis Descriptive Analysis Descriptive analyses involve direct observation of behavior and environmental events in naturalistic contexts.Research in descriptive analysis has focused on a variety of areas including descriptions of naturalistic observations of behavior and environmental events, integration of descriptive and functional analyses, comparisons of outcomes from descriptive and functional analysis, and quantitative analyses of behavior and environmental events (Slogan 2010). Using Campbell seven elements of rhetorical action I will delve into the descriptive analysis. The purpose, or central idea of Love The Way You Lie is to relate to potential listeners in an attempt to sell CDC and promote their music.One of the main goals of the song is of his/her music. Mine wants us to believe that creating violence in his song and music video is acceptable and/or cool. One lyric that represents this statement reads: . .. Its a steel knife in my wind pipe I cant breathe but I still fight while I can fight. The target audiences that Mine and Iranian are reaching out to are limited to none. Anyone that can listen and enjoy music is a target audience. On the other hand, those affected by the vulgar lyrics are none other than Americas youth! One aspect of growing up is finding out who you really are and what you like to do.At the ages of 13-18 1 feel like you are more prone to adopt values and ideas that you see in the everyday media. Prospective audience members or listeners are asked to adopt these violent actions into their lifestyles. Mine is personified in the song as a dead beat cheating boyfriend that has nothing going for him. Why would anyone want to adopt that persona? The tone of the song is depressing. The lyrics are aromatic and loaded with violent verbiage and deceitful actions. Amines attitude towards the audience is somewhat as a peer and a superior.Mine is viewed as a peer because he is trying to relate his music to the audience without turning them off or leaving anyone out. At the same thing, Mine is seen as authoritative because he hints to the audience that what he saying he has already done before. An example of Amines authoritative behavior in his lyrics would be: l cant tell you what it really is, I can only tell you what it feels like in this he is already stating that he has performed these actions. The structure of the song dwells on relationships people have with one another.Mine gains attention by introducing his perspective and by the use of vivid figurative analogies. Mine tries to create a shared reality with the audience by use of similar past relationships. If one person has had a rough relationship in the past, they will automatically become more susceptible to liking the song and its contents. The song is also chronologically structured, starting with the young couple in the bed, and develops as they fight over time. Mine himself is supporting materials for the themes he portrays in his song. He is notorious for his rough divorce with ex-wife Kimberly Matters.Iranian is also known for her tragic experience with abusive boyfriend Chris Brown. Strategies used to capture listeners include a catchy chorus as well as clever bold lyrics. Mine alludes to a previously dramatic relationship when he states: Im superman with the wind at his back, shes Lois Lane. This strategy is set up so that anyone who previously watched superman can easily create a shared reality and relate to the song. Critical Analysis In following three of Barmans steps to complete my analysis, many patterns of rugs/alcohol, violence and deception are drawn throughout the song.Symbolic convergence frames the theory that communication creates reality. The reality Mine creates through his lyrics and seen in the music video is a perception for Americas youth to view. One filled with alcohol abuse, drugs, violence and lies. The song is already situated within the media network of Americas youth. Subliminal messages perpetuated here include those of alcohol abuse, lies and deceit and acts of violence been seen as acceptable. My rhetorical vision states that people do not deed to lie, consume drugs or alcohol or be violent towards one another in order to be successful.Mine Airmans Love the Way You Lie contains three fantasy categorized as drugs/alcohol, violence and deception. As I immersed myself and scored through the lyrics of the song, some of the single worded (action themes) that helped me select these fantasy themes include: burn, cry, lie, fight, high, drunk, huffing paint, suffer, suffocate, hate, running, insane, laid hands, stoop, barley breathe, hit me, sick, spit me, throw me down, rage, separate ways, broken records, le ave, fall ace, temper, blinded, crazy, poised, fist, apologize, liar and set this house on fire. As for the music video, certain actions took place to help me narrow down my fantasy themes. These actions include: fighting, spitting in face, walking out, punch, drinking alcohol, stealing, yelling, shaking, hitting and burning. Setting themes include the house in the music video, the liquor store and the bar. Characters involved are Dominic Monogram and Megan Foxs character as well as Iranian and Mine referencing l and muff throughout the lyrics. Violence In terms of violence, the vulgarity of the lyrics emulate to Americas youth that hose specific actions and words are acceptable.It is not necessary for 13 year old children to hear lyrics like Im a tie her to the bed and set this house on fire. I feel that having a strong family background is crucial for children in terms of being raised more level headed but statements like that are Just unnecessary. The intensity of the violence in the music video is harsh. At one point in the video Megan Fox spits in Dominic Monograms face. Again, this is not acceptable behavior and should not be exemplified. Professional athletes are fined thousands of dollars for spitting in an opponents face but this music video makes it seem like its a regular occurrence.The frequencies of violent words in the lyrics are very high as well as intense. There are multiple clips in the music video where the couple physically assaults one another. The more Americas youth sees this behavior as acceptable, the more likely it will be duplicated. Drugs Alcohol Amines reference to drugs and alcohol is salient in the lyrics as well as the music video. In the music video Dominic Monogram goes as far as to steal a bottle of liquor from the store; shortly after he is seen rekindling his relationship with Megan Fox.This chain of events makes it seem like alcohol is the remedy for lifes problems. I only wish this was true! Fortunately Vie reached an age where I can decipher good and bad choices when a problem arises, as for 14 year olds, not so much. The music video is creating a reality in Americas youth that depicts the consumption and abuse of alcohol as acceptable. Recent test results support the predictions that the relationship between media exposure and alcohol use was mediated by peer norms and positive expectancies and that the relationship was partially moderated by language preference Among Yecch, 2010).Other references in Amines lyrics relate to inhaling household products which is terrible for the overall health huma n body. The lyrics read High off her love, drunk from my hate, its like Im huffing paint. Deception The song references to lying nine times before coming to an end. With the song being approximately 4 minutes and 30 seconds long, that means on average they are referencing to lying every 30 seconds. Thats a lot of lying! The devious behavior Dominic Monograms character partakes in by having a random phone number written on his hand should not be idealized on how to act in any relationship.This The fact that Dominic Monogram was out hitting on girls makes other women question if their significant other is doing the same exact thing. Not only does it make women appear insecure about their relationship, but makes males seem like a distrustful partner. People should not strive for these feelings or negative attributes but they are being castes on upon the youth of America. Implications, Discussion, and Limitations Young adulthood is a very important time in someones life. Decisions are made that can benefit or destroy the rest of that persons life.Why would we want the jawbone of America to be exposed to violence, drugs and alcohol? I dont know. As many others have said in the past, communication creates reality. This Mine and Iranian song communicates a fictional reality to the youth of America. It baffles me that a child could simply turn on the television and be exposed to the violence portrayed in this video. One limitation I encountered was that I only had 13 weeks to research the song, fantasy theme criticism, symbolic convergence theory and write the paper. The fact that I only had 13 weeks to write the paper gave me limited access to information on he topic.Another limitation I encountered was the use of only one rhetorical methodology. I understand that there is a part II of the song and would like to have the time to research that as well. I believe Fantasy theme is a great method for researching this song. On the overhand if I were to do it over again I would probably choose narrative criticism. There are serious social implications that may come about due to the content of this song. Implications for shoplifting, underage drinking and drug use are bound by imprisonment in the United States. I for sure wouldnt want y child to be viewing this video on television.

John Rowan’s Sub-Personalities Essay Example Essay Example

John Rowan’s Sub-Personalities Essay Example Paper John Rowan’s Sub-Personalities Essay Introduction After viewing the Art of Mediation DVD, identify the John Rowan’s sub-personalities from your Reading Assignment for each disputant (Ann and Liz) and explain why you chose the particular sub-personality for each of the disputants. You are permitted to choose more than one sub-personality for each disputant. In addition, select your most predominant sub personality then provide a paragraph about how you believe this will influence your mediation style. Ann-I believe initially before mediation she was â€Å"The Exploder†-she shouted back numerous times no matter the consequence and had a strong energy of frustration.She also was â€Å"The Please†-she wanted everyone to get along and maintain happiness in the business. She was â€Å"The Hurt Child†-her feelings were hurt when her life long friend wanted to end the business without her input. After mediation she became â€Å"The Warrior/Leader†-willing to find a solution to save her passion the business as well as her friendship. Liz-She was definitely â€Å"The Exploder†-she on many occasions just let her emotions out with total disregard. She was also unpredictable and was capable of blowing up at any time. Sometimes she was downright frightening with her actions too.She was a bit â€Å"The Moaner†-numerous times being self righteous and complaining about everything as well as initially not interested in solutions. She was also â€Å"The Hurt Child†-storming out initially in the beginning when Ann was expressing her feelings. Seemed to be very unreasonable in the beginning as well as into the mediation process. After mediation she too became â€Å"The Warrior/Leader†-she had a wider perspective when she communicated with Ann. She was willing to support their new idea for the business as well as maintain her friendship with Ann.I think the sub personality that I attribute myself to is â€Å"The Warrior/Leader†. I believe this suits my personalit y and I would use in my business practice as well. I am productive, organized, and grounded which would be suitable for my style in mediation. I am a strategist and goal setter who always seek solutions in a sensible and rationale and fair way. I think this sub personality is beneficial in my practice as to answer what is mediation all about? Coming together to find sound solutions for people who are in conflict. 2.Read the below case study then review Harris’s life positions from your Reading Assignment. Identify which life position each character in the case study displays with a full explanation for such selection. 1. I’m Not OK, You’re Not OK-position of futility, no way out, everyone is wrong, everyone is damned. 2. I’m Not OK, You’re OK-there is something wrong with me, I do not deserve to be treated with respect and consideration, I will be motivated to get away from you, I will accept unachievable targets, take time off, drink too much, res ign or self harm. . I’m OK, You’re Not OK-there is something wrong with you, I do not need to treat you with respect or consideration. 4. I’m OK, You’re OK-I am a valuable human being, I deserve respect and consideration and so do you, I am motivated to get along with you and I will go for what is right and fair for us both. Johnson Rice-I’m OK, You’re OK.. Johnson has always been a team player with a high work ethic and hoped to recruit those with the same mindset. He would often work late hours and weekends without pay to keep his new venture going.Verily Masters-I’m OK, You’re Not OK.. began to make a regular habit of belittling the other partners with her constant bragging about how her credentials as a nurse and her MBA made her the most valuable part of the business. Further she would constantly threaten the other partners that she would start her own business and get paid $300,000 per year without having to teach them al l she knew about nursing. Perry Klein-I’m Not OK, You’re Not OK.. Perry also believed that he could take the same business idea back to his hometown where he would thrive.Perry believed that his superior sales skills were the cause for the company’s growing success and he was convinced that he did not need either Johnson or Verily anymore. Perry was also having pains of missing his family. Perry’s wife-I’m Not OK, You’re OK.. was threatening divorce if he could not give her a date and time for his return to the family home. This involved Perry spending countless working hours on the telephone and on elongated vacations during working hours. 3. Read the case study below then review Tuckman’s team development model. Identify and explain each stage of Tuckman’s model as it relates to this scenario.Be very specific. Johnson Rice set up a home health aide business in the basement of his family home. At first the business was relativ ely small but as it began to grow he realized the need for additional employees. Johnson has always been a team player with a high work ethic and hoped to recruit those with the same mindset. He would often work late hours and weekends without pay to keep his new venture going. Forming-New company just starting out. Verily Masters, a 39 year old woman, with whom Johnson had a dating relationship with many years prior but they remained friends after their breakup in high school.Johnson admired Verily for her background in nursing and her ability to articulate her position to outside referral agencies so Johnson asked Verily if she would consider a partnership to combine their talents. Johnson realized that Verily possessed skills where he had deficits. Verily accepted with joy, since she had just been fired from her last position, for reasons unknown to Johnson. Forming- Gathering information and impressions about each other, and about the scope of the task and how to approach it to benefit the business.Perry Klein, Johnson’s cousin, was the next person that Johnson approached to become the final member of the partnership. Perry lived 1,500 miles away with his wife and children but agreed to relocate to be part of the business venture. Neither Perry’s wife nor children joined him when he relocated for this business venture. Johnson had approached Perry for his sales skills and his ability to connect to community organizations. Forming- Gathering information and impressions about each other, and about the scope of the task and how to approach it to benefit the business. Soon the company began to grow quite rapidly.The headquarters of the company moved from the basement of Johnson’s home to an affluent neighborhood in the suburbs with an operation of more than 100 employees. At first the working relationship among the three partners seemed to go rather smoothly. Johnson continued to work 12 hour days while both Perry and Verily worked 4-6 hou r days. As the company began to grow each partner enjoyed a six figure income of $100,000 each. Performing- This is the phase where team members start to come together, developing processes, establishing ground rules, clarifying who does what, and how things will be done.The company is growing as the employees are doing what’s needed for the company to succeed. The group seems comfortable within themselves. Lot more independent. About 6 months into the partnership, the honeymoon phase of this partnership ended. Verily began to make a regular habit of belittling the other partners with her constant bragging about how her credentials as a nurse and her MBA made her the most valuable part of the business. Further she would constantly threaten the other partners that she would start her own business and get paid $300,000 per year without having to teach them all she knew about nursing.Storming- Cliques and factions form and there may be power struggles. The team needs to be focus ed on its goals to avoid becoming distracted by relationships and emotional issues. Once team members begin to familiarize themselves with other personalities in the group, initial power struggles and protective, work practices can begin to get in the way of smooth, effective workflow. Perry was also having pains of missing his family. Perry’s wife was threatening divorce if he could not give her a date and time for his return to the family home.This involved Perry spending countless working hours on the telephone and on elongated vacations during working hours. Perry also believed that he could take the same business idea back to his hometown where he would thrive. Perry believed that his superior sales skills were the cause for the company’s growing success and he was convinced that he did not need either Johnson or Verily anymore. Forming- Individual behavior is driven by a desire to be accepted by the others, and avoid controversy or conflict. Serious issues and fe elings are avoided, and people focus on being busy with routines.Johnson was aware of mediation and just wanted everyone to get along. He had learned mediation through a meeting he attended at his local community center. He told the other partners about the process and they thought that Johnson was trying to thwart them from the business and became very suspicious. At first they all rejected the notion, until participating in a free consultation with the local mediator. All parties then agreed to participate in mediation as a way to resolve their issues and preserve the friendship/family relationships and heal their business relationship.Storming- Cliques and factions form and there may be power struggles. The team needs to be focused on its goals to avoid becoming distracted by relationships and emotional issues. Once team members begin to familiarize themselves with other personalities in the group, initial power struggles and protective, work practices can begin to get in the way of smooth, effective workflow. The first session was very long as the parties took much time to tell their story from their prospective. The parties soon realized during mediation that policy and procedures, job descriptions, and party expectations had never been memorialized.Therefore all of this as done using the mediation process which resulted in four 3 hour sessions. The parties mediated an effective action plan. Norming- The group become established, and the scope of the group’s tasks or responsibilities are clear and agreed. Having had their arguments, they now understand each other better, and can appreciate each other’s skills and experience. Individuals listen to each other, appreciate and support each other, and are prepared to change their views. John Rowan’s Sub-Personalities Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!